On this day in 1843, B'nai B'rith, the oldest continually operating Jewish service organization in the world, was founded in New York City.
On this day in 1917, at least 30,000 people in the Cova da Iria fields near Fátima, Portugal, witnessed the "Miracle of the Sun".
On this day in 1943, with a new government led by General Pietro Badoglio, parts of Italy switched sides to the Allies and declared war on the Axis powers.